What is CBN?

Cannabinol, or CBN for short, is a molecule derived from hemp that is reputed to have exceptional relaxing and sedative properties. Although it occurs in much lesser concentration than its more famous sister phytocannabinoids, CBN is considered one of the “Big Six,” the most notable of over 100 identified to date.

As recently reported by Rolling Stone, “Cannabinol... is quickly becoming 2020’s best alternative to sleeping pills.” (P.S. Thanks for the shout out!) 

Where does CBN come from?

As depicted below, a series of chemical changes within the hemp plant leads to the existence of phytocannabinoids usable by the human body. All derive from CBGa, the “mother” who plays a pivotal role in their synthesis and the overall composition of the plant. However, CBN’s origin is unique: It is a byproduct of the breakdown of other plant compounds. Technically, there are multiple pathways to CBN, but exposure to environmental factors like heat, UV light and time are nature’s way of creating CBN.

How does CBN work?

Within the human body, CBN interacts with receptors in the endocannabinoid system (ECS) located in the central nervous system and throughout the body. Phytocannabinoids like CBN are thought to mimic the body’s own endocannabinoids by “filling in” on the duties of physiological signaling. 

CBN can bind to both CB1 and CB2 receptors in the ECS. CB1 receptor activation can result in sedation and increased sleep, and CBN binds pretty well to CB1 receptors. CBN is a partial “agonist,” which is a substance that binds with a receptor to initiate a physiological response. CBN has an active metabolite (called 11-OH-CBN) that is a more potent receptor agonist.

CBN also contributes to the “entourage effect.” This phenomenon explains that the total effect of the whole plant, which include terpenes and other compounds not yet fully understood, is greater than the sum of its parts. 

This concept is well-understood when discussing whole foods versus processed foods or a cup of coffee versus pure caffeine. Which provides the better overall experience?

What are the benefits of CBN?

While studies regarding the full scope of its benefits are still growing, CBN is most closely associated with good rest. It was originally thought to be euphorigenic like its more-famous chemical parent, but CBN is now known to produce only mild euphorigenic effects and has become more renowned for its sedative properties. 

Anecdotal evidence posits that the most promising area of benefit may be evening relaxation and better overall restfulness, while some scientific research suggests it may work synergistically with its chemical parent to calm and uplift the mind. 

Clinical studies of CBN are very limited. It has been indicated as a sedative and, in studies, has demonstrated anti-convulsant, appetite stimulation and anti-inflammatory effects, especially alongside other phytocannabinoids.

How does the body process CBN?

The human body has multiple ways of metabolizing substances, including the liver and the GI (gastrointestinal) tract.

How a substance is ingested can affect how much of it remains “bioavailable” and how quickly it is metabolized. Bioavailability refers to the amount of an active substance that is allowed into the bloodstream while remaining active. For example, a swallowed pill may have less bioavailability than a sublingual tincture, which has a more direct route to the circulatory system; and an an inhaled substance has even greater bioavailability because it bypasses first-pass metabolism by the liver and GI system.

So the answer is: It depends on the form factor and method of ingestion. But once an active compound hits the circulatory system, it is routed to ECS receptors as needed.

What are some CBN side effects?

Some people have reported tiredness, drowsiness, dizziness, loss of appetite and euphoria. Depending on an individual’s desired outcomes, most of these potential side effects are either expected or may not be perceived as negative effects.

Possible signs of taking too much CBN include feeling groggy after getting a full night’s sleep or experiencing abnormally vivid dreams, dizziness or headache. Possible indicators of not taking enough CBN include continued trouble falling asleep within 20-30 minutes, trouble staying asleep and difficulty getting back to sleep after waking up briefly (i.e., going to the bathroom). 

Can CBN be used with alcohol or medications?

Some ingredients in CBN products can both inactivate and enhance various (P450) enzymes in the liver, which can potentially impact a wide range of medications. 

CBN, other phytocannabinoids and even herbal remedies can affect cardiac and blood pressure medications, blood thinners, immunosuppresive drugs and antipsychotic medications to name a few.

It’s important to note that one person might not respond to a particular compound or combination of substances (including herbs) the same was as another person. Some factors that contribute to how we respond include: genetic makeup, ethnic background, sex, liver and kidney function, diseases, nutritional state, age and even method of ingestion. Also, elderly people, people with certain medical conditions and those ingesting alcohol may carry greater risks because of reduced liver and kidney function, which contribute to metabolization of substances. 

As with all medications, phytocannabinoids or herbal remedies, we always recommend consulting with a trusted medical profession for guidance related to your specific conditions and medications.